The Comparison of the effectiveness of Schein theory based counseling and training based on the approach of constructivism on the orientation of protean career orientation of contract employees

Background: In a world where the phenomenon of job loss is spreading rapidly, the desire to invest continuously in a protean career orientation which will lead to saving human, social and psychological capital, is essential. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Schein theory based counseling and constructivist counseling on the orientation of protean career orientations of contract employees of an industrial company. Method: The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The participants of the present study included all contract employees of an industrial company, 36 of whom were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (12 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent Schein theory based counseling as well as constructivism-based training during eight sessions per week. Data were collected using the Various Career Attitude Questionnaire (PCAS) and analyzed by analysis of covariance and Ben Foroni pairwise comparison test. Findings: The findings showed that Schein theory based counseling and training based on the constructivist approach are effective in shaping the various career orientations of contract employees. Also, there is no significant difference between the two types of intervention. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is concluded that both types of training, depending on the situation, can be used by organizations and industries to increase the orientation of various career orientations of employees.